(2) Parenthetical format: Place the author, year, and location in parentheses after the quotation:
“For 15 years, Gustavo Baden has confounded American presidents as they tried to figure him out, only to misjudge him time and again. He has defied their assumptions and rebuffed their efforts at friendship” (Newman, 2014, p. 3).
Notice that both formats provide the author, year, and location of the quotation. Consider the flow of your ideas when you choose the format to use.
Quotations should be incorporated seamlessly into your text. Your citations should include page(s), paragraph(s), section(s) or other identifying information. In general, you should use direct quotes sparingly. The ability to break down an idea and to put it into your own words is very important in research writing.
(1) Signal format: Introduce the author with a signal phrase, followed immediately by the year in parentheses; put the location after the quotation in parentheses:
According to Newman (2014), “For 15 years, Gustavo Baden has confounded American presidents as they tried to figure him out, only to misjudge him time and again. He has defied their assumptions and rebuffed their efforts at friendship” (p. 3).
If there is no page number (as in many electronic sources), use paragraph number (e.g., para. 3), section title, or heading.