a) Message reinforcement or complementation of verbal messages, for example, a warm
welcome and a firm handshake.
b) Negation of the verbal message.
c) Message substitution, i.e. using nonverbal without verbal communication such as pointing.
d) Message accentuation/intensification i.e. smiling as you say, “It is nice to meet you.”
e) Message regulation, i.e. lowering the voice to mark the end of a turn or eye contact to
nominate the next speaker.